LINUX
LINUX
As IT systems and workloads get more complex, the underlying architecture and operating system must be reliable, scalable, and performance driven. Linux is the table foundation for all IT workloads and deployments-whether traditional or innovative-from bare metal to virtual, cloud, and containers.
Linux is an open source OS.Created by Linus Torvalds in 1991, it has since become the OS with the largest user base.
Because Linux is modular, it can be more easily managed. Each piece that makes up the Linux OS has the ability to be audited, monitored, and secured. Linux has built in tools and modules-like SELinux- to help further lock down, monitor, report, and remedy security issues and other features.
The Linux Kernel
The Linux kernel is the main component of a Linux OS and is the core interface between a computer’s hardware and its processes. It communicates between the two, managing resources as efficiently as possible. The kernel is also named because-like a seed inside a hard shell-it exists within the OS and it controls all the major functions of the hardware, whether it’s a phone, laptop, server, or any kind of computer.
Memory Management
Keep track of how much memory is used to store what and where
Process Management
Determine which processes can use the central processing unit(CPU), when, and for how long
Device Drivers
Act as mediator/interpreter between the hardware and processes
System calls and security
Receive requests for service from the processes
The kernel, if implemented properly, is invisible to the user, working in its on little world known as kernel space, where it allocates memory and keeps track of where everything is stored. What the user sees-like web browsers d files- are known as the user space. These applications interact with the kernel through a system call interface (SCI).
The 3 Layers of a Linux Machine
The Hardware
The base of the system, made up of RAM, the processor and CPU as well as input/output(I/O) such as storage, networking, and graphics.
The Linux Kernel
The core of the OS. It’s software residing in memory that tells the CPU what to do.
User Processes
Running programs that the kernel manages. User processes are also known as just processes. The kernel also allows these processes and servers to communicate with each other (known as inter-process communication, or IPC).
Code executed by the system runs on CPUs in 1 of 2 modes: kernel mode or user mode. Code running in the kernel mode has unrestricted access to the hardware, while user mode restricts access to the CPU and memory to the SCI.
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